Cell：肠道菌群如何影响人体对霍乱感染的易感性和抵抗力
- ①比较健康人和霍乱患者的肠道菌群，发现霍乱弧菌更易定植在肠道菌群发生失调的个体中；
- ②与移植失调状态的肠道菌群的乳鼠相比，移植健康菌群的乳鼠中霍乱弧菌的定植数量和毒力基因的表达显著减少；
- ③移植来自不同健康人的肠道菌群的乳鼠对霍乱弧菌的抵抗力不同；
- ④经筛选发现Blautia obeum能将牛磺胆酸盐转化为胆盐/胆酸，从而抑制牛黄胆酸盐诱导的霍乱弧菌毒力基因的表达；
- ⑤肠道菌群中胆盐水解酶的水平会影响霍乱患者的疾病结局。
主编推荐语
过去的研究比较了霍乱患者和其未发生疾病症状的家庭成员的肠道菌群的差异，但是关于肠道菌群组成差异是否会影响宿主对霍乱弧菌等病原体的抵抗力和敏感性的研究很少，而《Cell》发表的这项研究为我们带来了新的见解。这一研究说明，我们肠道菌群的组成或会通过胆汁代谢影响宿主对肠道病原体的易感性，为未来通过微生物组疗法预防霍乱等疾病带来了新希望。
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Interpersonal Gut Microbiome Variation Drives Susceptibility and Resistance to Cholera Infection
个体间肠道菌群的差异会影响霍乱感染的易感性和抵抗力
10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.036
2020-06-16, Article
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The gut microbiome is the resident microbial community of the gastrointestinal tract. This community is highly diverse, but how microbial diversity confers resistance or susceptibility to intestinal pathogens is poorly understood. Using transplantation of human microbiomes into several animal models of infection, we show that key microbiome species shape the chemical environment of the gut through the activity of the enzyme bile salt hydrolase. The activity of this enzyme reduced colonization by the major human diarrheal pathogen Vibrio cholerae by degrading the bile salt taurocholate that activates the expression of virulence genes. The absence of these functions and species permits increased infection loads on a personal micro- biome-specific basis. These findings suggest new targets for individualized preventative strategies of V.cholerae infection through modulating the structure and function of the gut microbiome.
First Authors:
Salma Alavi,Jonathan D Mitchell
Correspondence Authors:
Ansel Hsiao
All Authors:
Salma Alavi,Jonathan D Mitchell,Jennifer Y Cho,Rui Liu,John C Macbeth,Ansel Hsiao
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