营养影响机体蛋白合成（综述）
- ①mRNA的翻译过程包括：起始、延伸、终止和再循环，起始过程是限速步骤；
- ②翻译过程可引发细胞整合应激反应，激活mTOR或单个氨基酸信号通路；
- ③细胞可能通过O-GlcNAc糖基化、RNA修饰（mRNA m6A 甲基化、mRNA乙酰化、tRNA修饰、rRNA修饰）等感知营养信号；
- ④翻译过程紊乱可以引发代谢性疾病、衰老，甚至癌症；
- ⑤结合对周身性蛋白合成的调节以及选择性翻译，可以让细胞快速应对各种环境压力；
- ⑥营养对翻译的调节仍然有很多未明机制。
主编推荐语
Annual Review of Nutrition发表的这篇综述主要聚焦营养对于mRNA翻译过程的影响作用。文章指出，不同的营养状态下，尤其是营养不足时，mRNA翻译过程对基因的表达至关重要。而在此过程中，细胞对营养状态的适应关乎自身存亡。文章系统综述了mRNA翻译涉及的可能反应机制、相关研究手段、涉及的疾病以及仍需解决的问题。该文章从一定程度上揭示了营养在分子水平上对机体的影响，值得好好阅读。
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延伸阅读本研究的原文信息和链接出处，以及相关解读和评论文章。欢迎读者朋友们推荐！
Nutrient Control of mRNA Translation
mRNA翻译的营养控制
10.1146/annurev-nutr-120919-041411
2020-07-06, Review
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The emergence of genome-wide analyses to interrogate cellular DNA, RNA, and protein content has revolutionized the study of control networks that mediate cellular homeostasis. mRNA translation represents the last step of genetic flow and primarily defines the proteome. Translational regulation is thus critical for gene expression, in particular under nutrient excess or deficiency. Until recently, it was unclear how the global effects of translational control are orchestrated by nutrient signaling pathways. An emerging concept of translational reprogramming addresses how to maintain the expression of specific proteins during nutrient stress by translation of selective mRNAs. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of translational control principles; nutrient-sensing mechanisms; and their dysregulation in human diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and aging. The mechanistic understanding of translational regulation in response to different nutrient conditions may help identify potential dietary and therapeutic targets to improve human health.
First Authors:
Xin Erica Shu
Correspondence Authors:
Shu-Bing Qian
All Authors:
Xin Erica Shu,Robert V Swanda,Shu-Bing Qian
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