Nature Reviews：免疫疾病中的宿主-菌群互作（综述）
- ①肠道屏障抑制对共生菌群的过度免疫应答，菌群易位参与肠内外多种免疫疾病的发病机制；
- ②口腔、皮肤及呼吸道菌群也可影响相应部位乃至全身的免疫应答；
- ③免疫疾病通常涉及遗传因素、环境因素与菌群的复杂互作；
- ④菌群通过影响Th细胞分化、旁位活化、表位扩展、分子模拟、激活双重识别性TCR等方式调控免疫耐受；
- ⑤真菌与病毒也参与自身免疫的发生发展，利用抗生素、疫苗、饮食调控、噬菌体疗法等靶向调控菌群或是治疗免疫疾病的潜在策略。
主编推荐语
宿主-菌群互作是免疫系统发育的基础，菌群-免疫互作平衡的破坏可促进免疫介导疾病的发生发展。《Nature Reviews Microbiology》上发表的一篇综述文章，详细讨论了肠道、口腔、皮肤及呼吸道菌群如何调控宿主的免疫耐受，并在遗传因素及环境因素的影响下，调节免疫介导疾病的易感性、发病及持续。同时，该综述展望了未来通过靶向调控菌群以恢复免疫耐受及稳态，从而治疗免疫疾病的潜在可能。
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Host–microbiota interactions in immune-mediated diseases
免疫介导疾病中的宿主-菌群互作
10.1038/s41579-020-0367-2
2020-05-26, Review
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Host–microbiota interactions are fundamental for the development of the immune system. Drastic changes in modern environments and lifestyles have led to an imbalance of this evolutionarily ancient process, coinciding with a steep rise in immune-mediated diseases such as autoimmune, allergic and chronic inflammatory disorders. There is an urgent need to better understand these diseases in the context of mucosal and skin microbiota. This Review discusses the mechanisms of how the microbiota contributes to the predisposition, initiation and perpetuation of immune-mediated diseases in the context of a genetically prone host. It is timely owing to the wealth of new studies that recently contributed to this field, ranging from metagenomic studies in humans and mechanistic studies of host–microorganism interactions in gnotobiotic models and in vitro systems, to molecular mechanisms with broader implications across immune-mediated diseases. We focus on the general principles, such as breaches in immune tolerance and barriers, leading to the promotion of immune-mediated diseases by gut, oral and skin microbiota. Lastly, the therapeutic avenues that either target the microbiota, the barrier surfaces or the host immune system to restore tolerance and homeostasis will be explored.
First Authors:
William E Ruff
Correspondence Authors:
Martin A Kriegel
All Authors:
William E Ruff,Teri M Greiling,Martin A Kriegel
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