Science:动物冬眠时不吃不喝如何保住肌肉量?肠道菌群在帮忙
- ①通过同位素标记、抗生素处理等方法,研究地松鼠肠道菌群介导的尿素氮循环再利用对宿主冬眠期间蛋白质稳态的贡献;
- ②相较于夏季,冬季(特别是晚冬)地松鼠肠道的尿素通道蛋白表达升高,促进将血液尿素(源自宿主蛋白质分解代谢)转运至肠腔;
- ③且菌群的尿素酶基因及其携带菌(如Alistipes)丰度升高,促进将肠腔的尿素转化为氨和氨基酸等代谢物;
- ④这些菌群代谢物被宿主吸收,再转化为宿主的含氮代谢物和蛋白质,实现氮的回收利用,维持宿主蛋白质稳态。
主编推荐语
冬眠时,动物通过降低新陈代谢来减少能量需求和实现长期禁食,从而度过食物匮乏的冬季。然而,禁食期间动物无法从食物中获取氮,这是动物在冬眠时维持自身蛋白质稳态(如维持肌肉量和功能)所面临的一个重要挑战。Science发表的这项最新研究,以冬眠动物某种地松鼠(Ictidomys tridecemlineatus)为研究对象,分析了其肠道菌群介导的尿素氮循环再利用的情况。结果表明,肠道共生菌能回收利用宿主代谢产生的尿素,将尿素中的氮转化为可被宿主吸收的含氮代谢物(如氨和氨基酸),使得氮能够被宿主回收利用,从而帮助维持蛋白质稳态。这些发现揭示了肠道菌群在动物冬眠期间的功能作用,其背后的生物学机制或有助于研究改善肌肉萎缩的干预方法。
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Nitrogen recycling via gut symbionts increases in ground squirrels over the hibernation season
地松鼠通过肠道共生生物进行的氮循环在冬眠季节增加
10.1126/science.abh2950
2022-01-27, Article
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Hibernation is a mammalian strategy that uses metabolic plasticity to reduce energy demands and enable long-term fasting. Fasting mitigates winter food scarcity but eliminates dietary nitrogen, jeopardizing body protein balance. Here, we reveal gut microbiome–mediated urea nitrogen recycling in hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). Ureolytic gut microbes incorporate urea nitrogen into metabolites that are absorbed by the host, with the nitrogen reincorporated into the squirrel’s protein pool. Urea nitrogen recycling is greatest after prolonged fasting in late winter, when urea transporter abundance in gut tissue and urease gene abundance in the microbiome are highest. These results reveal a functional role for the gut microbiome during hibernation and suggest mechanisms by which urea nitrogen recycling may contribute to protein balance in other monogastric animals.
First Authors:
Matthew D Regan
Correspondence Authors:
Hannah Carey,Fariba M Assadi-Porter
All Authors:
Matthew D Regan,Edna Chiang,Yunxi Liu,Marco Tonelli,Kristen M Verdoorn,Sadie R Gugel,Garret Suen,Hannah Carey,Fariba M Assadi-Porter
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